Wireless signaling.



R. A. FESSBNDEN.

WIRELESS SIGNALING.

- APPLICATION FILED MAR.8,1909.

A L m 0 m 68 M B H M2 H m a D1 I INVENTOR. Q mqi mm,

WITNESSES ,R. A. 'FESSENDEN.

WIRELESS SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 8, 1909.

Lmlfiwfl Patented June 30,1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES IN VEN TOR.

UNITED STATES PATENT onnion- REGINALD A. FEssnNnnN, 0F. BRANT RocKf, MAssAcHUsnTTs, -ASSIGNOR, BY MEsNE, ASSIGNMENTS, To SAMUEL M. KINTNER, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, AND HALSEY M. BARRETT, OF BLOQMFIELD, NEW 'JERsEY, RECEIVERS.

wIRnLEss SIGNALING.

1,101,915. Specification of Letters Patent.

" Application filedMarch 8,1909. Serial No. 481,974.

Patented June 30, 1914,.

To all whomit may concern:

Be it known that I, REGINALD A. FEssnN- man, a citizen-of the United States, residing at Brant Rock, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lVireless Signaling, of which the following is a specification.

Hy invention relates to methods of sending and receiving wireless signals and more particularly to sending and receiving antennae.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification Figure 1 shows a plan view and Fig. 2 an elevation of apparatus for accomplishing this purpose.

The invention herein disclosed has for its object the more etiicient generation and reception of wireless signals.

In Figs. 1 and'2, 8 and 4: are two portions of a large capacity formed preferably .of a spiders web of wires, or galvanized iron tape and supported above and insulated from the ground-in any convenient way for example as shown by insulating posts l5, 15,

15 and at a convenient butpreferably lo'w.v

height above the ground, for example 20 feet. The two parts of the capacity may be connected so as to form one capacity by throwing the switch 11 so as to make contact'with the terminal 16. 1 and 2 areportions of another capacity similarly formed supported and insulated and lying on either side of the capacity 3, 4:. The two portions 1 and 2 may be united together so as to form one capacity by throwing the' switch 9 so as to make contact with the terminal 15. Itis not necessary that the outer capacity 1, 2 should entirely surround the inner capacity 8, 4-, as good results can be obtained without this, and more especially as regards directive reception and transmission. Theinner capacity 3, 4. is connected through the variable imluctious 12 to a source of high .frequency oscillations, such as the alternating current dynamo shown at 5, 6 being one of the collector brushes. The other terminal of the dynamo 5 is connected through the leads 8, 8, 8 having carefully proportioned inductanccs 21, 21, 21 to the outer capacity 3, Good results may also be obtained by connecting the leads 8, S, 8 to the grounds 20, 20, 20 by means of the switches 22, 22, These grounds 20,20, 20 may if desired and. (also the capacity 1 and be placed almost a complete quarter Wave length away from the capacity 3,4 but in practice are generally placed closer. When the outer capacity 1, 2 is used it is preferably con- In the preferred method of operationt-he" dynamo 5 g1ves the capacities l, 2 and 3,4

rapidly alternating charges. Electrostatic lines are produced in hoop form as shown in 23, 23, and these electrostatic loops repel each other and travel outward in the formof electromagnetic waves. The action during reception of the. waves is similar, the electrostatic lines on arriving bridge, the capacities and collapse through the receiver 27, the switch 26 being thrown for that purpose so as to cutout the dynamo and connect the 8 are preferablyreceiver. lVhere the capacity 1, 2 is omitted the outer portions of the electrostatic loops go direct to earth, but otherwise the action is similar.

A certain and large proportion of the electrostatic lines;-ins'tead of being projected up into the air as shown at 23, would normally be shunted direct to ground, and their energy wasted. This objectionable ellcct is overcome in two ways. First by placing horizontal circles of thin sheet iron.13 be tween the capacity 3, i and ground. These circles of sheet iron by their self induction tend to choke back and prevent the electromagnetic lines from'going from the capacity 3, 4 to ground and from ground up again to the "capacity 1, 2. Such loops of thin sheet iron may also be placed at 2," and as shown in cross-section at let and 14, and for a similar purpose, 6. so as to choke back the electrostatic line from the capacity 1, 2

or from the ground 20. An alternative way which may also beused in conjunction with the above described way is to place a wavechute 19 on the ground as shown, and tomake this wave-chute of very low ohmic resistance so that that part of the charge which is shunted from the capacity 3, i to i the wave chute, and thence along the Wavechute and up to the capacity 1, 2 instead of being projected up into the air as shown at 23, should have a very low resistance path to travel, and hence may oscillate backward and forward Without wasting any energy, and having a natural period as little proposes such as increasing the efficiency.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, What'l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is the following:

1. An antenna comprising a large capacity, arranged approximately horizontally and elevated from the earth a very short distance and means comprising a plurality of low resistance conductors arranged in proximity to the earth and adjusted to dissipate any portion of the electrical charge not utilized in producing radiation. 7 7 7 2. An antenna for Wireless telegraphy comprising a large capacity arranged approximately horizontally close to the earth, combined with means for reducing the idle charge thereon during radiation, comprising a series of 10W resistance conductors in proximity to the earth;

for Wireless telegraphy 3. An antenna for Wireless telegraphy comprising a conductor having large capacity and supported at a relatively low height above the ground; a second conductor similarly constructed and surrounding the first conductor the two conductors being connected to each other by leads having relatively small capacity to earth and containing means for adjusting the Wave length, means for causing these said capacities to act as efficient radiators and absorbers of electromagnetic energy, said means comprising circles of magnetic material placed between said capacities and ground and a low conducting path extending over the surface of the earth between the inner and the outer capacities.

4:. An antenna for Wireless signalin comprising in combination a conductor 0 large capacity in approximately horizontal position and close to the ground, and a second large capacity surrounding the first and-in substantially the same plane, the two capacities being connected by leads containing means for adjusting the Wave length, substantially as described.

' In testimony whereof I have hereunder signed my name and. in the presence of the two subscribed Witnesses.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN. lVitnesses:

Jnssm E. BENT, FLORENCE M. LYON.

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